woodbury



(No Model.) -4 sheets-sheet 1,. J. A. WOODB'URY.- J.l MERRILL, G. PAT'I'EN` 8v E. I'. WOODBURY.

wxTNEssEE... y INVENTUR.. vy .JAMES A wnnnBuRY.

.JUSHUA MERRILL.

fm/wig @Ef/Aw. 'EDWARD P wuunaum @i BY www N6 Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 l J. A. WOODBURY, J.. MERRILL, G. 4PAT'llllN s@ E. BWooDBUR-Y,

AIR ENGINE.

Patented May 28, 1889.

IUSHUA MERRILL, GEDRE: PATTEN, A EDWARD BWDUDBURY. BY ,wefw mwwzf. MTIIHRNEY.-

(No Model.) '4 S11eets-Sheet 3.

, G. PATTEN z3?,- E. P. W00DBURY.

J. A. W00DBURY-J. MERRILL AIR E NGINE.

Patented, May 28, 1889'.

Y INVENTURE.' JAME5 A.- WDDDBURY, JU5HUA MERRILL,

Wl TIAXIEEEEE'I 0mm( W 55mm: FATTEN; EDWARD f; wnmnBuRY- BY C Y MTURNEYJ 8v E. F.' WOODBURY."

'AIR ENGINE.

Patented May 28.1889.`

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To (//ZZ 10.700771, rib 777,7/11071/ 0077-2/5 .lie it known thatwodnnns A.. \\'OOD 1'URY,.

Aresiding; at \\'inehester, in the eonnty of,l\[iddlesex and State otMassaeh nset-t s, and JOSHUA, Mammal, GFA-)nonduwen, and 'Einfwtnilb Woon'nURY, residing,atloston, in `the county ol? Snti'olk and Statie of'. Massachusetts, eiti' zens of the United States, have invented ar new and nsefnl Air-Engine, of whieh the fol, lowing is 'a specification.

' Our invention. relates to that classof air'' engines in which the energy exertedfisdneto lthe alternate rising` and lowering' of tempervat-.nre of tlmsanie inass of air, and it has for itsobjeeta perfected air-engine of this class.'

n I `i;,rnre J rein-esents the air-eiri'ine i'nv front velie'ia'tion`. Fig. 3 represents the air-engine in rear'e'leyation. Fie'. Si represents theairengine in` plan, and Ifigj-.t is a central vertical seeth-)nal View ol the'saine on lin(` l0 l0 of 'lhe essei'itial fea-tures of onr air-ei'igine are a heater, regenerator, and cooler, which three in oinlxination areternied a reverseig and in eonjnnetion ywith awork'iiig-cylinder con-4 stitute a singie-acting,r a-ir-engine. 'l.`hedraw ing-s represent a double-acting' air-engine with two reversers ainlt-wo n'orkinylin' ders. r lfhe bed-)nate ,111, made in halvesv for convenience, is designed to reeeivcfallthe partsl ol the engine; which a-reyniperimposed thereon.

,'lhe reverser .Side S is constructed as tollows: 'lhe reverser-tnrnace ,l2-,which is lined with lire-briek to lessen radiation, isprm-'ided with the flange .l-, by inea-ns of which the tin-nace is bolted to the bed-plate, door lt, ash-door l5, grate-supporter it, `erate '17, nozzle LS,- a-nd flange 19, by meansof which the regfenerator-Cylinder 2t) is bolted to thcfu'rnaee. lfinlerneat-h the grate is the asli-pitfl.

The regenera-tor-cylinder 2() is provided with tln` Hange- 22, by which the cylinder is bolted tothe reverserffnrilace and to which linl reverser-lieater ilis bolted, pipe Jl, and Hangtl 25, to which isbolted the Cooler Lti.

'l'he cooler E213 is j noa'ided with the llange 2T,b \1 whi'vh it is; bolted to the rejgeneratorvylinder, [lange 2S, to which is bolted the (ander-hover fifi, nir-directing'pipe fit), and annnla'r tn be and water-spaee 13h-through which i 'Ama-'EN e i Ne-5 SPEGIEICATIQN forming pm ofletfsrtent Application filed @anbei 5,v 18:'3'8.. sein n. 237,322'. interlaw-1'" w noemen, Mns

i. ai 11 No. 404,232, dated May 2s,"1e'8,9f

` K 1 'iv f' nd the eopplir-fcooling-tarbes2,wl ii eh se ,nrely expanded iirtothe' tribe-holes in the flanges, Bland 2S. The annnlarspaee is provided with the water-inlet 'pipe 233 andthe 55 4water-ontiet pipe 423 .l `inder portion 3,5 .of theeooler is fastened? the I 'diSplacer-Cylinde'rdlt. .'.lo the Uipbcr bart of To th e displaeereylthe.'displaeer-eylinder portion of the .cooler a row of; regenerator.-pins, as 37,- is fastened, and'llo the lower portion of the displacer-eyl inder a row of-regeneratorpins,` -as- '38,. is,

fastened. lhe space between the displaeercylinder portion and displaeer-cylinder and the regenelf'a-tor-eylinder' and 'reverser-lieater is terrned the regcnerator-spaee 39. Witlv in. this spaccisplaoed'the reeeneiator40, whieh is made, preferably, ot' `yellow high.'

brass-wire (loth; size of wire, about No. 25, Stubbs wire-gage, and about' No. 113 mesh.

-lhis wire is wound on and aroninl'the displaeer-eylindcr portion 35 and `displacer-,05dinder 5SH between the rows of regenerateru pins,`as 37 and 3S, nntil a continuons rollis formed of a thickness snttcienti to filler nearly till the rege-nerater-space. Then the4 end of 'the roll is fastened, so as to. prevent its nnwinding. l y l e The reverser-piston 4l is provided with the piston-head 42, piston-rod 43, follower 44, and

a `style of packineY oonnnol'ily known as .the two-ring77 packing, coinpl'isedofthe twol `packing-rings and ttl, placed between the eonipos'itimi seats 47 and-4S ofthe piston-head and follower, respectively. The rings are set ont radially by a series of leaf-springs, as to, and setting-ont bolts, as 0,in the nsnal inanner.A 'To the reverserlpislonhead is bolted the reverserfpiston 'lower section, 5l, vwhieh'is provided with the air-port The cooler-cover 2.9,whieh is bolted to the cooler, is provi ded with the nozzle 53, dtjsigned to'reeeive the two leatliel'enp'ped packingt and torthe reerser-pistion rod, reliel' packing-ring 5G, and gland v v l The reverser side 8 .is a d-nplieat'e ot the reverser side H, and in a like-'manner is provided with the rezerser--tnrnaee l2, hawi'ne' lla-nge lf3', door 14.', ash-dnn' T5. regenerzltxzrcylinder 20', having' pip'el 2l ai1 ltlaiiges2'2 and 2:3', ooo-ler iti', harinjglfianges 27 and 32S" y n'alt-ninlet pipe i and water-outlet pip-e. ft"

too

l reverser-beam pinGl are connected by inea-ns 2 Y 41045er? and cooler-cover E', having nozzle 53' and gland 57', through which extends the reverserpiston rod 43'. v

To the eoolencovers 2) and 29 :is bolted the reverser-beam stand 5S, in which is mounted the trunnion 59. 'lo the trunnionis fastened the reverser-beam 60, provided with thereverser-beam pins 61 and Gl. and side lever, G2, provided .with pin 63. I

To the reverser-piston rod is keyed the cross-head (il, which is -provided with the cross-head pin (55.. lhc cross-head pin (i5 and of the connecting-link (i6. In a like manner to 4the reverser-piston rod 13' is keyed the cross-'head 64.-', which is provided with the cross-head pin ('.l The cross-head pin G5' and reverser-beam pin 61' are connected by 'means of the connecting-link Uli'.

The working-cylinder furnace (i7, which is lined with fire-brick to lessen radiation, is provided with the flange (5S, by means of wh-ich the furnace is bolted to the bed-plate, nozzleA (if), nozzle 70, and ange 7l,` by means of which the working-cylinder 72 is bolted to the furnace. 'lhe working-cylinder 72 is provided with the `flange '73, by which the cylinder is bolted to the working-cylinder furnace, and to which is vbolted the working-cylinder heater 74, pipe 75, pipe 7 ll, and flange 77, to which is bolted the working-cylinder 'head 7 8. The working-cylinder heater 7l isl provided with the side air-port, 70. The working-cylinder piston is provided with the piston-head 8l, piston-rod 82, follower 83, and astyle of packing commonly known vas the three-ring packing, composed of the three packing-rings 81485, and 8G, placed between the piston-head and follower. The rings are set ont radially by a series of leaf-springs, as S7 and settingout bolts, as 8S, in the usual manner. To the working-cylinder piston-head is bolted the working-cylinder piston lower section, 80.

, The working-cylinder head 7,8, which is bolted to the ,working-cylindcr, is provided with the, two leatherfcupped paekinga-'Qd and illlor the worki11g-cylinder piston-rod, relief packing-ring 92, and gland 93, and the two cross-head guides 0l and 05, which are seeiirely'bolted to` the workingfcylinder head. lh'e working-cylindcr side 0' is ad uplicate of the working-cylindersidc 0, and in alike manner is provided with the worki ng-cyli nder furnace 67', having flange GS', nozzle G9', and nozzle 70,.working-cylinder 72', having flange andwork 7:5', pipe 75',`pipe 76', and flange l ing-cylinder `head 78',,providcd with croSs head guides De and 05', through which cylinder-head extends the. working-cylinder piston-rod S2". y

'.lo the workin g-,cylind c rs.7 :l an d 7 2 is bolted the workiug-cylinder beam-stand ilo, in which is mo-,unted the truin-iionll7.V '.lo the trunnion is fastened the worki ng`-cyli1nlcr beam 0S, prol11S by4 means ot belt 127.

keyed the cross-head 102, adapted to slide on and to be guided by the cross-head guides 0.1. and and provided with the cross head pin 103. The cross-head pin 103 and the wor ing-cylinder beam-pin are connected by means of the connecting-link 101. In a like manner to thc worki1'1g-cylinder piston-rod 82 is'keyed'thc cross-head 102', provided with the crosshead pin 103'. The cross-head pin 103 and working-cylinder beam-pin 100' are connected by means of the conneeting- The cross-head guides 01 and 05 are braced by means 'of the cross-head guide-braces 105 and 100, respectively. lIn a like manner Jthe cross-head guides 01' and 95' are braced by means of the cross-head guide-braces 105 and 10G', respectively. A J

To the bed-plate the pillowblo`cks 107 and 4'108 are bolted. The pillow-block 107 is braceo 4by means of the reverser-furnacebrace '100.'

The pillow-block 108 is braced by .means of the working-cylinder brace v110, `to which is bolted the centrifugal governor 111, of a coin mon style.

lVithin the pillow-blocks the main shaft' 112 is joninaied, which is provided with reversr-crank 113, having reverser-crank pin 114:, ail-pumpeccentricl]5,

having eccentric-straps 116,' .flywheel 117,'

governor-pulley 11R, thrust-collar 119,'. and

working-cylinder crank 120, havingworkingcylinder crank-pin 12,1. vThe air-pump 122, bolted to bed-plate, is of the single-acting' piston type, and is operated in the usual man'- ner by means of air-pump eccentric 115. Il

is provided with the air-inlet pipe 123 and the air-outlet pipe 121. The reverser-beam side lever-pin, 63, is connected with the re` verser crank-pin lll-by means oi' reverser connecting-rod 125.

governor is connected with governor-pulley The pin 101 of the horn 99 of the workng cylinder beam is connected with workingeylinder crank-pin 121 by meansof working- The pulley' 121i ofthe cylinder connecting-rod 12S, The reverser side S is connected with the bottomof working-cylinder 72 by means olpipe 2l, pipe '75, and lower connecting-pipefl2S),and flanges. In a like manner the reverser side S' is connected with the bottom of working-cylinder 72 by means of pipe 24',pipev75', and lower connecting-pipe, 129', and flanges. of w'orking-cylimgler 7 2 is connected with reverser side S by means of pipe 7o" and upper connecting-pipe, 130, and flanges, which upper The top connecting-pipe extends through the eoolercover 29. In alike manner the top of work ing-cylinde 127,9J is connected with-reverser si d e S by means olf,y pipe 7 G- and upper connectingpipe, and hanged wlriclrhpper connecting-pipe extends through the cooler-cover Eil'.

'lo the pipe 'IG is connected the check-valve 131, which is ot' a common style and designed to operate in the usual manner.` lira like manner to the pipey 70' is eonnectedihe check-valve '1231'. Y 'lhechccka'alves llland lill.; are (amneeted with the airpump by means of the air-pump outlet-pipejll. 'lhe safety-valve 1552, ol' a well-known style, is con- 1 nected with the air-pump 'outlet-pipe 1:34. The governor-valve 12J-3 is connected on one Ieide by means otpiping V131i with pipe 7G and on the other side fby means of pipinglii with pipe '7U'. The governor-valve is of the reciprocating type, and is provided. with the siem. ll, which is comleciedwith one end of -the governollever llf, a lever of the first cl.'iss,] )ivo1ed ai; 137. The other end of the gever]:or-lever is connected with the .spindle 13S or" the governor.' rlhe working-cylinders 73 and Ti" are prm-'idedwith the blowoi'f valves 123i) and 139)', respectively.

In the construction oit' the reverser side S suitable ports are made -for the free passage of the air displaced by the displacer-piston Ifrom the cool chamber 140 above the displacer-pistmi, into and through the eoolingtubes, through the regenerator, around the lower portion oli' diSplaeer-eylinder, and in 'io the-hot; chamber 141 below the diSplaeer-pirston; also from the cool chamber 140, through pi pes 12S() and 7G,'to the top portion oi' working-cylinder 72 and into the space above the w'orkiiig-cylinder piston, and from the hoi, chamber 141, through port- 52, pipe SO, pipe 24, pipe i120, andpipe 75, inlzo the lower portion of workiiig-cylinder 7?, through port- 79, and into the Space below the working-cylinder pistonStl. In a like manner in reverser side i su itable ports are made for the free passage ofthe air displaced by the displacer-pision from the eool chamber to the het chamber and from the cool chamber to the top portion of' workingeylinder 72, and into lhe spa-ee above the workiiig-cylinder piston SO, and from the hot chamber to the lower portion of working-cylinder 72', and into the space be low the working-i.jlinder ,pieton ot working- .ylinder 72', f

/cst'rziy/[oa of he prelhninmy/ .shy/s lo he /il/cn prior/o /m afar/11311;] of /ie engine-ft being predetermined to have the 'engine run over, as indicatedbyarrowon ily-'wlieehthe i elaiive posi tions of the eran ks l 13 and 120 shou ld.

be such as will give the reverser-pishmof the reverser side S alead over the working-cylinder piston of the working-cylin'der side il of "rom one-i1hird to one-halt' stroke. 'lhe lead represented in Fig. JC is one-halt` Stroke, the direeiuidn of mbvemenlnof the pislons being indiealei'l b varrows in Eig. l.. lhe revel-.serpieizons of reverser sides S and S being connected by means et' the reverser-beam and connecting pa1'1s,and the worlng-eylinder being connected by meansof worl ing-eylin lder beam and connecting paris, il'. is evidentthat the reverser-piston,oi reverser Iaide S i will have'iihe siulielead over the workingeyliuder piston of working-cylinder side il as the reverser-pieton oi" 4reverser side S has over worl"ing-cylinder piston olf worklng-cylinder side` il The water-inlet pipe lloff cooler Bl is connected with suitable water-Supply, and a circulation of' water is maintained in the annular tube and water-space fil and outof the cooierti'irough water-outlet pipe 34, from which the water conveyed by means of Suitable piping to an y convenient'v place. In

a like manner 4a circulation of water is maintained iircooler 26 through water-inletpipe andwater-outlet pipe-3i. Aiire is then started in both of the reverser-furnaces. In reverser leide S the fire is startedv upon the grate 17 within the reverser-`urnace l2, and the products of combustion pass about and around the reverser-heater through noz- Zles 1S and (Si) into vthe working-eylinder furnace G7, then about and around the worli'ingcylinder heater 74, and.- then escapes through `the novi/:le 70 into chimney through Suitable Piping. In a like manner -in reverser'side 8". the products of combustion pass from reverserinname 12 to worl'cing-eyiinder fur- .nace 67', through nozzles 1S and G9', and then escape through'tihe nozzle TO. When suiiicieni.-

erator 40, and in its passage through theregenerator it absorbs heat which has been imparted to the regeneraior; third,t-he air then' passingover the heated surface of the reverserheater, thereby becoming further heated, enters the hot chamber 141. The tempera-ture of the air in the cool chamber is aboutA 130'` l `ahrenheit, and the temperature ot the airin Jche hot chamber is about U00O Fahrenheit.

4In thedownward-St-rokeof thereverser-pisifm i 41 the mass of air in the-hot chamber 141 is forced, vfirst, to the regenerator Disco-ond, the air enters the regencrator, and in its passage through the Ieamo itdeposits thereon the greater portion of its heatthird, through the cooling-tubes, where its` temperature is reduced lo about 'i200 1`aln'enheii1,and then into the cool chamber HO. Therefore at each upward and downward Stroke ot the reverser'- piston of reverser side S the Temperature of the Same males of air isalternatel,r raisedand lowered, andthe reverser eide b" beingmuluplieale ofreversexrside S, il; is evident that the Same alternate raining and lowering of the temperature of the air would tra-ke place in reverser side 8 as in rmerser side'S, but 'at' opposite times-that is to safv, bothrel feiner-pistonebeingoperatei'l b v the reverserbeam, whenever one reverser-piston iumaking itsj upward stroke the other reverserpiston is making its downward stroke. It is therefore evident that when the air in one reverser side is being heated the air in the other reverser side is being cooled, Tbealternate raising and lowering oi the temperature of the reversed air in both reverser sides tion as indicated by arrow`sthc reverserpiston of reverser side S is making its 4upward stroke and is heating and expanding the displaced air, thereby producing a pressure which' is exerted against the bottom of Workingcylinder Apiston of workingeylin der side 9 and against the top of Workingcylinder piston of working-cylinder side 9', between which andthe reverser sideA 8 are open lports, while at the same time the reverser-piston of reverser side S' is making its downward stroke and is cooling and contracting the displaced air, thereby reducing the pressure against the bottom of Working-cyl inder piston of Working-cylinder side 9 and the. top of working-cylinder piston ot Working-cylinder side 9,between which and the reverser side S are open ports. Thus each workingcylinder piston is subjected to diflcrential pressures, which are alternately reversed as the displaced air4 is alternately heated and cooled. Thus power is exerted to vcause the working-cylinder pistons to have reciprocatingmotion, which is changed to a rotary motion by means of the Working-cyl- -inder beam and its connected parts to the gine receives the.

main shaft and ily-Wheel, from Which the power may be taken oit by means of a belt. A portion of the powerjleveloped is absorbed in the friction of the engine, and a portion is used to operate the reverser-pistons by means of reverser-crank, reverser connecting-rod, side lever, trunnion, reverserbeam, and connected parts.

- The engine is designed to run on an initial pressure of air of from four to tive atmospheres, and the duty of the air-pumpvis to supply and maintain this initial pressure of ai r in the engine, which duty is accomplished as follows: After the starting of the engine at each revolution of the engine a certain quancity of air is pumped by the air-pump in to the air-outlet pipe 124, fronrwhich. -the encompressed air, which passes intoreverser side S tl'irough check-valve 131',

pipes 7 (3 and 130, and into reverser side 8 through check-valve 131, pipes 76 and 130. In practice a reservoir is usually placedforccnvenience'in circuit with the air-outlet pipe 124. The safety-valve V132 is placed on Ithe ir-outlet pipe 124 for the purpose of controlmg the pressure of the air supplied tothe enly setti n g the safety-valve a't fortyve or four atmospheres,4 it is undsrom zero,

above that pressure vylll evident that any air be permitted to escape into the atmosphere through the safety-valve, and as the safety valve may be set at any'number of pounds desiredit is obvious that any initial pressure may be maintained in the engine. The airpump not' only supplies the initial pressure, but it supplies any leakage ol air that may leak out of the engine around the piston-rods and -flange-j oints.

The duty of the governor and governorvalve is to equalize the dilferential pressures in the engine, and, as the dilicrcntal 1: ressures are the power-producing factors of the engine, therefore, in regulating the difference of the differential pressures, the power, and consequently the speed, of the engine may be regulated.. This regulation of the engine is accomplished as follows: The governor beine,` of Vthe vordinary centrifugal style, and being connected with the governor-valve, ci' a reciprocating typc,by means of the lever of the first class, any increase rof speed of the engine would raise the gove1no1'-balls, thereby dcpressing the spindle of the governor and raising the stem of the governor-valve, thereby opening the gqvernonvalve, which controls the openingbetween the two revcrscrsides ol the engine-that is to say, between reverser sides 8 and 8and as the size of the opening between the two reverser sides ot' the engine is controlled by the action of the governor' in opening and closing the governonvalve the difference of the differential pressures isconsequently controlled, and therefore the power and speed of the engine are regulated.

lt has been determined by us after many years of costly scientific and practical experimenting .that the following special construction and arrangement are of vital impur tance: The cold chamber should be directly connected with the top of a Working-cylindezl and the hot chamber should be directly con neeted with the bottom of a worlci11g-cylinder; the regcnerator should ator-spaee between the regenerator-cyliiuler, reverser-heater, andl displacci'fcylindcr, and should. extend from'l the cooler to a point at or near the bottom of the reverser-heater; the regenerator should be composedof wirccloth and located in the regenerator-space, as

IOO

IIO

occupy the regenerstated; thel cooler should have a'cast annular tube and water-space; the cooler should be provided with a cooler-cover, as represented cloth andshculd b e wound onto the displacer-cylinder portion1 `and displaccr-eylinder; the regenerator composed ot' wire-cloth and Wound onto displacer-cylinder portion and displacer-cylinder'should -be held in position verticallyl between rows of regeneratorplus.

a hot and coldl chamber, each of which is directly connected with a working-cylinder, suhstantially as and `for the purpose set forth.

2. ln an air-engine in which the temperavture of the samemass of air is alternately raised and lowered, the reverser side, as 8, ,provided with. the regenerator-space formed between the regenerator-cylinder, reverser# v heater, and diSplacer-cylinder, within which is placed the regenerator, in combination with the tubular cooler having lthe cooling-tubes and provided'with the cooler-cover, substantially as--described.

y 3. In an air-engine. in which the'temperature or" the same mass-of air is alternately raised and lowered, having the reverser side,

' asvS, the combination, with the tubular cooler having the coolingtubes-Vand' Aprovided with the coolercover, of the regenerator composed ofwire-eloth and placed within an annularlyconstructed space at or near the inner surface` of the outer shell otthe heater, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4.111 an air-engine, the combination, with reverser-heater provided with an annular re- `generator-space .at or neartlle inn er surface of its outer shell, of the c'ooler provided 'with the annulan'tube and .waterspace, having the cooling-tubes and provided with ,thejcooler-` cover., substantially as described..

5. In an air-engine, the eembinationof the reverser-heater, a `wire-cloth regenerator, the tubular cooler, and Cooler-cover provided with theA connecting-'pipe by means ofwhich thev cold chamber is directly connected with, a

workin g-cylinder, 'substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

G.' In airairfengine, the combination, with f the reverser-heater, of the cooler provided with thel annular 'tube andwatcr-space and coolercover and having the cooling-tubes, and the cold chamber within which. the displaccr-pis-- ton reciprocates, substantially as described.

. 7. In an air-engine having'a reversersidc, as 8, the tubular cooler having` thel coolingltubes an d provided with the eoolercovei ',with in which cooler the displacer-piston reciprocates, provided' -with the displaeer-cylinder portioncaston said eooler,'said portion being;

4:u i'apte l to. receive within it 'the displacer' piston, substantially as` described.

8. In an air-engine having a reverser side,

oas 8, the tubular cooler having,r the coolingtubos andprovided with the coolereover,with in nich cooler the displaeer-piston reeipro Gates, provided with the displaeencylii1deiportiom-in combination with displacer-eylin- W hat we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters lPatent, is-. i

l., A'n air-'engine iii lwhich-'the temperature of the` same mass of air is alternately raised andi lowered, having a reverser provided with.

der (adapted to receive with in it the dispiacerpiston) fastened to'said displacer-cylimlerportion, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. v

9. I n anair-engine having a reverser Sfide, 'as S, the combinatiomwith the cooler having lthe cooling-tubcsand provided with thc dis' placer-cylinder and cooler-cover, of the regenu crater wound on said lisplaeercylinder, corni posed of wire-cloth,substantially as describedr 7S:- as 8, the cooler provided with displacer-cylin- 10. I n an air-engine having a reverser side,

der, which is provided with a series of regenerator-pirjs, as 37 and 38, in combination with the regencrat-or composed of wire-cloth and wound on said displaccr-cylinder and between said seriesot regenerator-pins, substantially as described.

11. An air-engine in which the'teiuperature of the saine mass of air is alternately raised and lowered, having the reversers, cachot which is provided with a hot and cold cham.- ber when 'each of said chambers is directly connected with the workingcylinders, sub- 'stantially as. described.

Vl2. In an air-engine in which the temperature ot the same mass of air is alternately raised and lowered, the combination of .two

reversers and two double-acting working-cyl! inders with a regenerator composed of wireeloth, said cylinders being directly-eonneeted by means of connecting-pipes, as slmwn, subj vstantially as described. l 13. ln-an air-engine in which the temperature of, the "sa-nie mass of airis alternately raised and lowered, having a reverser pro- ;vided with a hot and cold chamber, each of whichl is .directly connected 'with a doublea acting Working-'cylimler, in combina-tion withl a regenerator, substantially'as described.

14. .In an air-engine in which thetenipen ture of the same mass of air is alternately raised and lowered, having a reverserprovided with a heater, regenerator-cyl-inder, a wire-cloth regenerator, and a tubular cooler having the cooling-tubes and provided withv the cooler-cover, so constructed and arranged as'to provide foran annular port havingY straight or nearly straight sides and extendf ing from the cooler to' the bottom of the heater, sot-hat the air may have a direct. andV a free passage to and from'the het and cold chambers, .substantially as described.

. In testimony whereof we have signed ouiIv 

